Understanding Equine Metabolic Syndrome: What Every Horse Owner Should Know
Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is becoming increasingly common in domestic horses, yet many owners remain unfamiliar with this serious condition. Often called the “the good doer”, EMS affects horses that seem to thrive on minimal feed but can develop severe health complications as a result.
What is Equine Metabolic Syndrome?
EMS is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that primarily affects horses and ponies prone to weight gain. The condition is characterised by insulin resistance, abnormal fat deposits, and an increased risk of laminitis. Think of it as similar to Type 2 diabetes in humans – the body becomes less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels and a cascade of health problems.
Recognising the Signs
Physical Characteristics:
- Abnormal fat deposits, particularly along the neck (cresty neck), behind the shoulders, and around the tail head
- Difficulty losing weight despite reduced feed intake
- Regional adiposity (fat pockets) rather than overall obesity
- Lethargy and reduced performance
Clinical Signs:
- Recurring episodes of laminitis, especially in the front feet
Who’s at Risk?
Certain horses are more predisposed to developing EMS. Breeds with “thrifty” genetics – those evolved to survive on sparse forage – are particularly susceptible. This includes many pony breeds, Newforest, Dartmoor and Native Welsh breeds to name a few. However, any horse can develop EMS, especially those with sedentary lifestyles and rich diets.
The Laminitis Connection
The most serious complication of EMS is laminitis, a painful inflammation of the structures connecting the hoof wall to the coffin bone. Horses with EMS have a significantly higher risk of developing laminitis, which can be career-ending or even life-threatening. This makes early detection and management of EMS crucial for your horse’s long-term health and soundness.
Management Strategies
Dietary Management:
- Reduce non-structural carbohydrates (sugars and starches) in the diet
- Focus on high-quality forage with low sugar content
- Consider soaking hay to reduce sugar levels
- Avoid sweet feeds, treats, and lush pasture grazing
- Work with an equine nutritionist to develop a balanced, low-glycemic diet
Exercise Program:
- Implement a regular, consistent exercise routine
- Start slowly and gradually increase intensity
- Even light exercise can significantly improve insulin sensitivity
- Ensure your horse is sound before beginning any exercise program
Weight Management:
- Aim for gradual, steady weight loss rather than rapid reduction
- Monitor body condition score regularly
- Use a weight tape or weight scales to track progress
- Be patient – healthy weight loss takes time
Working with Your Vet
If you suspect your horse has EMS, consult your vet for a proper diagnosis. We may recommend blood tests to measure insulin and glucose levels, often using an oral sugar test or insulin tolerance test. Early intervention is key to preventing serious complications like laminitis.
We might also discuss medications that can help improve insulin sensitivity in some cases, though dietary and exercise management remain the cornerstones of treatment.
Prevention is Key
For horses not yet showing signs of EMS, prevention focuses on maintaining appropriate body weight, providing regular exercise, and avoiding high-sugar diets. Be particularly vigilant with easy keepers and breeds predisposed to the condition.
The Bottom Line
Equine Metabolic Syndrome is a manageable condition when caught early and addressed properly. With careful attention to diet, exercise, and veterinary care, many horses with EMS can live comfortable, productive lives. The key is recognising the signs early and taking action before serious complications develop.
Remember, every horse is an individual, and management strategies may need to be tailored to your specific horse’s needs. When in doubt, consult with your veterinarian and consider working with an equine nutritionist to develop the best management plan for your horse.
Always consult us before making significant changes to your horse’s diet or exercise routine, especially if you suspect EMS or if your horse has a history of laminitis.